Light stabilized polymer compositions

ABSTRACT

Organic polymeric materials normally subject to oxidative and ultraviolet light deterioration are stabilized by incorporating therein a nickel bis-3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, an ultraviolet light absorber such as a benzophenone or a benzotriazole, a light stabilizer such as a p-hydroxybenzoate ester and optionally a primary phenolic antioxidant with or without a secondary sulfur containing antioxidant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 339,474, filed on Mar. 8, 1973, now abandoned.

This invention relates to the stabilization of organic materials normally subject to deterioration by exposure to heat and light by incorporating therein a combination of additives comprising a nickel salt of 3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, an ultraviolet light absorber, an ultraviolet light stabilizer and optionally, a primary phenolic antioxidant with or without a secondary sulfur containing antioxidant.

The stabilization system of the present invention is useful for stabilizing organic materials normally subject to oxidative, thermal and ultraviolet light deterioration. Materials which are thus stabilized include synthetic organic polymeric substances such as styrene, including homopolystyrene and copolymers with acrylonitrile and/or butadiene; vinyl resins formed from the polymerization of vinyl halides or from copolymerization of vinyl halides with unsaturated polymerizable compounds, for example, vinyl esters, α,β-unsaturated acids, α,β-unsaturated esters, and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as butadienes and styrene; poly-α-olefins such as high and low density polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(4-methylpentene-1), polybutene-1, and the like including copolymers of poly-α-olefins such as ethylene-propylene, ethylene-butylene copolymers, and the like; polybutadiene; polyisoprene; polyurethanes such as are prepared from polyols such as propylene glycol and ethylene glycol and organic polyisocyanate; polyamides such as polyhexamethylene adipamide and polycaprolactam; polyesters such as polymethyleneterephthalate and polyethyleneterephthalate; polycarbonates such as those prepared from bisphenol-A and phosgene; polyacetals; polyethylene oxide and polypropylene glycol; and polyacrylics such as polyacrylonitrile and polymethylmethacrylate; polyphenyleneoxides such as those prepared from 2,6-dimethylphenol and the like. Particularly preferred polymers for the compositions of this invention are those normally solid polymers of alpha-olefins having up to 3 carbon atoms, e.g., ethylene, propylene and their copolymers.

The nickel derivatives of 3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid of this invention are represented by the formula ##SPC1##

Wherein

R¹ and R² are the same or different and each is a (lower)alkyl group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Illustrative of the (lower)alkyl groups as represented by R¹ and R² include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl and octyl. The most preferred groups are methyl and t-butyl.

The nickel salts are prepared according to procedures described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,189,630.

The nickel compounds of formula I are added to the polymer substrate in an amount of from about 0.001% to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the polymer and preferably from 0.05 to 2%.

The ultraviolet light absorbers that are employed in this invention are (a) benzophenones and (b) benzotriazoles.

a. The benzophenones have the general formula ##SPC2##

wherein

R³ is hydrogen, hydroxy group, halogen, lower alkyl group or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and

R⁴ is hydrogen, hydroxy or alkyl from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

In a preferred embodiment, R³ is hydrogen and R⁴ is a straight chain alkyl group having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Illustrative examples of the above described benzophenones are listed below.

2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone

2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone

2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2'-carboxybenzophenone

2,2-dihydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone

2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone

5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzophenone

2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone

4-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone

2-hydroxy-4-decyloxylbenzophenone

2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone

2,2' ,4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone

b. The benzotriazoles have the general formula ##SPC3##

wherein

R⁵ is hydrogen, or lower alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

R⁶ is hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, phenyl or benzyl, and

R⁷ is hydrogen, chlorine or (lower) alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

In a more preferred embodiment, R⁷ is hydrogen, chlorine or methyl; R⁵ is hydrogen, chlorine, t-butyl, t-amyl, and R⁶ is alkyl from 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, hexyl, octyl, dodecyl, t-butyl, t-amyl, isopropyl and the like. Illustrative examples of benzotriazoles employed in this invention are listed below.

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert.butylphenyl)5-chlorobenzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-amylphenyl)-benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethyl-phenyl)-benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethyl-phenyl)-5-methoxybenzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethyl-phenyl)-5-methylbenzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert.butyl-phenyl-5-chlorobenzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-amylphenyl)benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-tert.butylphenyl)benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methoxy-phenyl)benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-phenyl)-5,6-dichlorobenzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-phenyl-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-dichlorophenyl)-benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-4',5'-dichlorophenyl)-benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-phenyl-phenyl)-benzotriazole

2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methoxy-phenyl-5-methylbenzotriazole

The ultraviolet light absorbors of Formulas II and III are added to the polymer substrate in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the polymer and more preferably from 0.05 to 2%.

Ultraviolet light stabilizers that are employed in this invention are p-hydroxybenzoates having the general formula ##SPC4##

wherein

R⁸ is (lower)alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

R⁹ is hydrogen or (lower)alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and

R¹⁰ is alkyl or alkenyl from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, phenyl, lower alkyl substituted phenyl, benzyl or lower alkyl substituted benzyl groups, such that no more than two lower alkyl substituents are present on said phenyl or benzyl groups.

In a preferred embodiment, R⁸ and R⁹ are t-butyl or t-amyl groups and R¹⁰ is a di(lower alkyl) phenyl. Illustrative examples of hydroxybenzoates are given below.

(2',4'-di-t-butylphenyl)-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

methyl-3-methyl-5-isopropyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

ethyl-3,5-diisopropyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

propyl-3,5-di-sec-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

isobutyl-3,5-di-tert-amyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

decyl-3,5-di-tert-octyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

cyclohexyl-3,5-di-tert-amyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

dodecyl-3-methyl-5-isoamyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

octadecyl-3,5-diisopropyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

hexadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

chloromethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

3-fluoropropyl-3,5-di-tert-amyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

allyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

2-butenyl-3,5-diisopropyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

oleyl-5-methyl-5-tert-amyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

2-chloropropane-1,3-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate)

phenyl-3,5-diisopropyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

p-octylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-amyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

(2',4'-dimethylphenyl)-3,5-di-tert-octyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

p-isopropylphenyl-3-methyl-5-tert-amyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

naphthyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

6-methylnaphthyl-3,5-di-tert-hexyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

p-chlorophenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

2,4-dibromophenyl-3,5-diisopropyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

The p-hydroxybenzoate light stabilizers of Formula IV are added to the polymer substrate in an amount of from about 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the weight of polymer, and more preferably from 0.05 to 2%.

In addition to the actinic stabilizers described, the plastic compositions may contain other additives such as plasticizers, pigments, fillers, dyes, glass or other fibers, phosphites, thermal antioxidants, and the like. For example in most applications, it is desirable to incorporate into the resin composition, sufficient thermal antioxidants to protect the plastic against thermal and oxidative degradation. Thus, the amount of antioxidant in the compositions of the instant invention may range from 0 to about 5% by weight based on the weight of the polymer and when used preferably from 0.01 to 2% by weight.

The best results are obtained with the preferred class of thermal antioxidants, namely, hindered phenols. These compounds are considered primary antioxidants and have been found to provide the best thermal stabilization with the least discoloration in the compositions of the invention. Examples of these phenolic antioxidants include the following:

1. Phenolic compounds having the formula: ##SPC5##

wherein

R¹¹ and R¹² are the same or different and each is a (lower)alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

x is an integer of from 1 to 4,

n is an integer of from 1 to 4, and

Z is an aliphatic hydrocarbon of the formula

    C.sub.y H.sub.2y.sub.+2.sub.-n

in which y has a value of from 2 to 18 when n is 1 or 2 and a value of from 3 to 6 when n is greater than 2.

Illustrative examples of such compounds are

n-octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate

n-octadecyl-2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetate

n-octadecyl-4-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate

n-hexyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionate

n-dodecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionate

neo-dodecyl-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate

dodecyl-β-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate

ethyl-α-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-isobutyrate

octadecyl-α-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-isobutyrate

octadecyl-α-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-propionate

1,2-propylene glycol bis-{3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}

ethylene glycol bis-{3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}

neopentylglycol bis-{3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}

ethylene glycol bis-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetate)

glycerine-1-n-octadecanoate-2,3-bis-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetate

pentaethylthritol-tetrakis-{3-(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}

1,1,1-trimethylol ethane-tris-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate

sorbitol hexa-{3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}

1,2,3-butanetriol tris-{3-(3,5-di-ti-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}

2-hydroxyethyl-7-(3-methyl-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)heptanoate

2-stearoyloxyethyl-7-(3-methyl-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)heptanoate

1,6-n-hexanediol-bis{(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}.

The above phenolic ester stabilizers and more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,330,859 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,644,482.

2. Phenolic compounds having the formula ##SPC6##

wherein

T is halogen or ##SPC7##

R¹³ and R¹⁴ are the same or different and each is a (lower)alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms

R¹⁵ is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms

x is an integer of from 1 to 4.

Illustrative examples of the compounds shown above are

di-n-octadecyl-α-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate

di-n-octadecyl-α-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-benzyl)malonate which is disclosed in the Netherlands Pat. No. 6,711,199, Feb. 19, 1968

di-n-octadecyl-α,α'-bis-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate which is disclosed in the Netherlands Pat. No. 6,803,498, Sept. 19, 1968,

3. Phenolic compounds having the formula ##SPC8##

wherein

R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ are the same or different and each is a (lower)alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms,

x is an integer of from 1 to 4, and

R¹⁸ is an alkyl group containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms.

Illustrative examples of such compounds are

di-n-octadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate

di-n-octadecyl-1-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanephosphonate

di-n-tetradecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate

di-n-hexadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate

di-n-dodecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate

The above di-(higher)alkyl phenolic phosphonates are more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,281,505.

4. Phenolic compounds having the formula ##SPC9##

wherein

R¹⁹ and R²⁰ are the same or different and each is a lower alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and

x is an integer of from 1 to 4.

Illustrative examples of such compounds are

tris-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate

tris-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)isocyanurate.

The above hydroxyphenylalkenyl isocyanurates are more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,531,483.

The above phenolic hydrocarbon stabilizers are known and many are commercially available.

In addition to the above mentioned additives the present invention also covers the use of a secondary antioxidant which may optionally be employed with the primary phenolic antioxidant. Illustrative examples of such secondary antioxidants are the organosulfur compounds distearylthiodipropionate and dilaurylthiodipropionate. The secondary antioxidants may be used in an amount ranging from 0 to about 5% by weight based on the weight of polymer and when used preferably from 0.01 to 2% by weight.

The stabilized polymers of the present invention have utility in the normal use for which plastics are employed and are particularly useful for film and fiber. Compounds of this invention may be incorporated in the polymeric substance during the usual processing operations for example, by hot milling, the composition then being extruded, pressed, blow molded or the like into films, fibers, filaments, hollow spheres and the like. Where the polymer is prepared from a liquid monomer as in the case of styrene, the stabilizer may be dispersed or dissolved in the monomer prior to polymerization or curing.

The following examples, presented for illustration and not limitation, will further serve to typify the nature of the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1 Artificial Light Exposure Test

Deterioration of most polymers caused by ultraviolet light is slow at ambient conditions and therefore, testing of the effects of stabilizers generally is conducted in an accelerated artificial light exposure device in order to yield results in a convenient period of time. The test conducted on polymers using an artificial light exposure device is described below:

a. Sample Preparation

5 mil Film -- The additives are dissolved in distilled methylene chloride and blended with unstabilized polypropylene powder (Hercules Profax 6501) in a Hobart mixer. The blended material is then milled on a two roll mill for 5 minutes at 182°C. The milled sheet is then compression molded at 220°C into 5 mil thick film under a pressure of 350 psi and water cooled in the press.

b. Testing Method

This test is conducted in a FS/BL unit, basically of the American Cyanamid design which consists of 40 tubes of alternating fluorescent sun lamps and black lights (20 of each). The 5 mil sample films are mounted on 3 × 2 inch infrared card holders with 1/4 × 1 inch windows and are placed on a rotating drum 2 inches from the bulbs in the FS/BL unit. The time in hours is noted for the development of 0.5 carbonyl absorbance units at 5.85 nanometers as determined on an Infrared Spectophotometer. The development of carbonyl functional groups in the polymer is proportional to the amount of degradation caused by the ultraviolet light exposure.

The test results reported below were obtained according to the procedures described above. The amounts of the additives are expressed in weight percent based on the weight of the polymer.

                  TABLE I                                                          ______________________________________                                                                    Time                                                                           in Hours                                                                       to .5                                                                          Carbonyl                                                                       Absorbance                                          Composition                Units                                               ______________________________________                                         0.167%  nickel bis-3,5-di-tert.                                                        butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                0.167%  2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-                                                        tertamylphenyl)benzo-                                                          triazole                                                               0.167%  n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert.                                                       butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                                               2304                                            0.167%  nickel bis-3,5-di-tert.                                                        butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                0.167%  2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-                                                        tertamylphenyl)benzo-                                                          triazole                                                               0.167%  2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-                                                      di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-                                                                              2570                                                    benzoate                                                               0.167%  nickel bis-3,5-di-tert.                                                        butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                0.167%  2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzo-                                                     phenone                                                                0.167%  n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-                                                       butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                                               2950                                            0.167%  nickel bis-3,5-di-tert.                                                        butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                0.167%  2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzo-                                                     phenone                                                                0.167%  2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-                                                   tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                                          2980                                            0.1%    octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-                                                    butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)pro-                                                    pionate                                                                0.167%  nickel bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-                                                  4-hydroxybenzoate                                                      0.167%  2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-                                                   amylphenyl)benzotriazole                                               0.167%  n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-                                                 4-hydroxybenzoate      2400                                            0.1%    octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-                                              4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate                                            0.167%  nickel bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-                                                  4-hydroxybenzoate                                                      0.167%  2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-                                                   amylphenyl)benzotriazole                                               0.167%  2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-                                              butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                                               2625                                             0.1%   octadecyl-4-(3',5'-di-                                                         tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-                                                         phenyl)propionate                                                      0.167%  nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-                                                        butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                0.167%  2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzo-                                                     phenone                                                                0.167%  n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-                                                       butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                                               2850                                            0.1%    octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-                                                    butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)                                                        propionate                                                             0.167%  nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-                                                  4-hydroxybenzoate                                                      0.167%  2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzo-                                                     phenone                                                                0.167%  2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-                                                   tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                                          2900                                            0.1%    octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-                                                    butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)                                                        propionate                                                             0.3%    DSTDP                                                                  0.167%  nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-                                                  4-hydroxybenzoate                                                      0.167%  2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-                                                   amylphenyl)benzotriazole                                               0.167%  2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-                                              butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate                                                                               2600                                                    unstabilized polypropylene                                                                             168                                            0.5%    nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-                                                  4-hydroxybenzoate      1970                                            ______________________________________                                          * DSTDP is distearylthiodipropionate                                     

Other hindered phenolic antioxidants may be used in place of octadecyl-4-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate in the above mentioned compositions utilizing a hindered phenolic, for example, di-n-octadecyl-α(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, dioctadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate, pentaethylthritoltetrakis-{3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate} and tris-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, respectively.

EXAMPLE 2

a. A composition comprising acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene terpolymer and 0.5% of nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.5% of 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-amylphenyl)benzotriazole and 0.5% of n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate resists embrittlement due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

b. A composition comprising a polyurethane prepared from toluene diisocyanate and alkylene polyols (such as polyethylene glycol and polpropylene glycol) and 0.5% by weight of nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.5% 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-amyl-phenyl)benzotriazole and 0.5% 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate is more stable to sunlight, fluorescent sunlamps, black lights and fluorescent lights than the unformulated polyurethane.

c. a composition comprising a polycarbonate prepared from bisphenol-A and phosgene and 0.5% by weight of nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.5% of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone and 0.5% of n-octadecyl-4-hydroxybenzoate resists discoloration due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

d. A composition comprising a polyester (polyethyleneterephthalate) and 0.5% by weight of nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.5% of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone and 0.5% of phenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate resists discoloration due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

e. A composition comprising polymethylmethaacrylate and 0.1% by weight of octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 0.5% of nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.5% of 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-amylphenyl)benzotriazole and 0.5% n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate resists discoloration due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

EXAMPLE 3

a. A stabilized linear polyethylene is prepared by incorporating therein 0.1% by weight of n-octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 0.5% nickel bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.5% 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-amylphenyl)benzotriazole and 0.5% of n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate. The stabilized compositions resist embrittlement due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

b. A stabilized polyamide (nylon 6,6) is prepared by incorporating therein 0.1% by weight of n-octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 0.5% nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.5% of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone and 0.5% n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate. The light stability of the stabilized composition is superior so that of an unstabilized polyamide.

c. A stabilized polyphenylene oxide polymer (prepared by polymerizing 2,6-dimethylphenol) is prepared by incorporating therein 0.1% by weight of n-octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl, 0.5% nickel-bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.5% of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone and 0.5% of 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate. The stabilized compositions resist embrittlement due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer. d. A stabilized crystalline polystyrene is prepared by incorporating therein 0.1% by weight of n-octadecyl-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 0.3% of DSTDP, 0.5% of nickel bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.5% of 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-amylphenyl)benzotriazole and 0.5% of 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate. The stabilized compositions resist embrittlement due to exposure to ultraviolet light longer than one which does not contain the stabilizer.

EXAMPLE 4

High impact polystyrene resin containing elastomer (i.e., butadiene-styrene) is stabilized against loss of elongation properties due to exposure to ultraviolet light by incorporation of 0.167% by weight of nickel bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 0.167% 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tertamylphenyl) benzotriazole and 0.167% n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.

The unstabilized resin is dissolved in chloroform and the stabilizer then added, after which the mixture is cast on a glass plate and the solvent evaporated to yield a uniform film which, upon drying, is removed and cut up, and then pressed for 7 minutes at a temperature of 163°C and a pressure of 2000 pounds per square inch into a sheet of uniform thickness (25 mil). The sheets are then cut into strips approximately 4 × 0.5 inches. A portion of these strips is then measured for percent of elongation in the Instron Tensile Testing Apparatus (Instron Engineering Corporation, Quincy, Massachusetts). The remaining portion of the strips are placed in an FS/BL chamber according to Example 3 (b) except that the time to 50% reduction in elongation is measured. The stabilized polystyrene resin retains its elongation property longer than the unstabilized resin.

Similar results are obtained when the following stabilizer compositions are used in place of the above mentioned stabilizer composition

(a) 0.167 nickel bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

0.167 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-amylphenyl)benzotriazole

0.167 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

(b) 0.167 nickel bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

0.167 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone

0.167 n-octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

(c) 0.167 nickel bis-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

0.167 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone

0.167 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate

Antioxidants may also be incorporated in an amount of 0.1% by weight into each of the above mentioned compositions for example, di-n-octadecyl α,α'-bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, pentaerythritol tetrakis-{3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}, tris-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, di-n-octadecyl 3,5-dibutyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonates and n-octadecyl 3(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate respectively. Together with these antioxidants, the secondary antioxidant, dilaurylthiodipropionate, may also be used in an amount of 0.3% by weight based on the weight of the polymer. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A composition of matter stabilized against oxidative and ultraviolet light deterioration which comprisesa. a synthetic organic polymer normally subject to ultraviolet and oxidative deterioration, b. from 0.001 to 5% be weight based on the weight of polymer of a nickel 3,5-di-t-alkyl-4-hydroxybenzoate having up to 8 carbon atoms, c. from 0.001 to 5% by weight based on the weight of polymer of an ultraviolet light absorber selected from
 1. 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone; or
 2. a benzotriazole selected from 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-amylphenyl)benzotriazole or 2-(3'-t-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl-5-chlorobenzotriazole, d. from 0.01 to 5% by weight based on the weight of polymer of a benzoate co-light stabilizer selected from n-octadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate or 2,4-di-t-butyl-phenyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; e. from 0 to 5% by weight based on the weight of polymer of a phenolic antioxidant selected from n-octadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionate, tetrakis-{methylene3-(3',5-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate}methane, di-n-octadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphosphonate, tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate or di-octadecyl-2-(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate; f. from 0 to 5% by weight based on the weight of polymer of an organo-sulfur compound selected from dilaurylthiodipropionate and distearylthiodipropionate, provided that said composition is synergistic in its activity.
 2. A composition according to claim 1 which comprisesa. polypropylene b. nickel bis-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate c. 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-amylphenyl) benzotriazole d. n-octadecyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
 3. A composition according to claim 1 which comprisesa. polypropylene b. nickel-bis-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate c. 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-amylphenyl) benzotriazole d. 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
 4. A composition according to claim 1 which comprisesa. polypropylene b. nickel bis-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate c. 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone d. n-octadecyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
 5. A composition according to claim 1 which comprisesa. polypropylene b. nickel bis-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate c. 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone d. 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
 6. A composition according to claim 1 which comprisesa. polypropylene b. nickel bis-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate c. 2-(2'--hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-amylphenyl)benzotriazole d. n-octadecyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate e. n-octadecyl 3(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.
 7. A composition according to claim 1 which comprisesa. polypropylene b. nickel-bis-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate c. 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-amylphenyl)benzotriazole d. 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate e. n-octadecyl 3(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.
 8. A composition according to claim 1 which comprisesa. polypropylene b. nickel bis-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate c. 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone d. n-octadecyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate e. n-octadecyl 3(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.
 9. A composition according to claim 1 which comprisesa. polypropylene b. nickel bis-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate c. 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone d. 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate e. n-octadecyl 3(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate.
 10. A composition according to claim 1 which comprisesa. polypropylene b. nickel bis-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate c. 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-t-amylphenyl) benzotriazole d. 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate e. n-octadecyl 3(3',5'-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate f. distearylthiodipropionate. 